The really cool part … multiple dimensions.
So string theory requires, of course, strings, but it also requires one other thing that we mentioned at the beginning. So if we don’t know anything else about a particle other than the wavelength and amplitude of its vibrations, those values can help us figure out its energy, and therefore, also its mass. Why do we need to even worry about the wavelength and amplitude? As you may know from the theory of special relativity, mass and energy are interchangeable. The more energy you use to pluck the string, the shorter the wavelength and greater the amplitude will be. The energy of this vibrating string is defined by its wavelength and amplitude - which is determined by how hard you pluck it. Picture plucking one of those violin strings and watching it vibrate. The same way strings on a violin can produce different notes from different resonances, so too can a particle have different characteristics, a different mass, or different force charge based on the precise pattern of its vibration. What makes particles different from each other is that their strings have a different vibrational pattern. How does this relate to string theory? Each particle is a looped string, and each string is completely identical. Different resonances produce different musical notes. If you look at a violin, its four strings can each vibrate at an almost infinite number of patterns called resonances. This is complex stuff that the smartest physicists in the world are still trying to figure out.Īnother important part of string theory is that the strings shouldn’t be thought of as strings of rope, but more like strings on a musical instrument that vibrate when you play them. So to say that the strings are made of something, there would have to be something smaller than the strings.Īnd what if you could just keep peeling back layers to reveal smaller layers? What if the universe is infinitely large as well as infinitely small? One problem is that the particle (the string) is supposed to be the smallest, most fundamental unit that makes up everything else in the world. If these strings exist, what are they made of? No one knows.
Here is where it can get a little tricky (though, let’s face it, all of string theory is a little tricky). But in string theory, instead of a dot, a particle is seen instead as a tiny vibrating string that’s closed up to form a loop. Normally, when you hear particle, you think of a dot, like a point in space or the period at the end of the sentence. The basic concept in string theory concerns tiny elementary particles. So supersymmetry + string theory = superstring theory. Particle Manįirst off, what we refer to as string theory here can also be called superstring theory - not because the strings are any more complicated, but because superstring theory came to incorporate ideas from another theory called supersymmetry. When you hear string theory, you may think of really cool things like multiple dimensions … but what’s with the string part? And why is string theory so important? Well, if you ever wanted to figure out the theory of everything, string theory just might hold the key.
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